As a graphic artist, one day you will be required to create a map, either for a website, employer or client, and without a doubt, your best choice to create that map is with a vector based program like Illustrator. Illustrator allows layers to separate the various elements, customizable brushes, symbol libraries, and the ability to re-size up or down, without worries about resolution. With a little planning, your map creation can be greatly streamlined.
To get started, go to your favorite mapping website and take a screenshot of the area that you want to map.
Create a new document in Illustrator, place the screenshot file, then make it template layer.
Important! Create a layer for each class of elements contained in your map: • water • land • highways • surface roads • railroad lines • signs • labels and names • land textures, etc.
Organization is the key to keeping your map files manageable, and has the added benefit of speeding up their creation, not to mention making them much easier for you to edit later on. The more maps you create, the more pieces you can drag and drop between files, building a convenient library.
You can see by the animated map below, I’ve added a few stroked lines around the island to soften the transition from land to water, and given the water a circular, graduated fill and used the inner glow filter to darkens the edges a bit.
Roads can be created a few different ways, depending on your needs:
The simple and quick method is to:
1. Draw a thick stroked path for the roadway base
2. Copy/paste roadway path in front, stroke slightly smaller and lighter color for asphalt
3. If needed, copy/paste in front a thin stroked, dashed line.
Keep the thick stroked lines on one layer, and the thinner stroked lines on a higher layer so they blend together to give the appearance of continuous road surface.
The second method is to:
1. Create a new style. Draw a path, stroking with a thick line, then in Appearance palette, add a second stroke above and a couple of points smaller, and a third stroke above them stroked at 1 point and dashed using the stroke palette. Then drag the square icon at the top of the Appearance palette to the Styles palette.
2. Draw your roads.
3. After all of the roads that you want to apply this style to are drawn, group them and apply the style. The intersections of the road paths will merge and give the continuous roadway look, instead of overlapping.

Label the road names on paths that approximate the twists and turns, add a north arrow and any highway designations.
If you find yourself making a large map with a lot of repetitive symbols, brushes created from those icons, i.e., schools, parks, airports and churches, can also go toward making your workflow move along much faster.
Of course, you’ll be adding landmarks and points of interest as needed, but you don’t always have to create those elements from scratch. Uncle Sam has thoughtfully provided a few elements to get you started. The National Park Service has map files available for download here that contains the standard cartographic symbols and patterns used on National Park Service maps and much more.
One of the most interesting places I’ve found for mapping symbols can be found here. A lot of the files are geological map textures that could easily find uses in other projects unrelated to mapping.